Who invented abacus maths12/2/2023 ![]() ![]() The large-sized Chinese Abacus was improved into a handier smaller-sized one. Mathematician’s constant and diligent study developed a distinct Japanese method of Abacus operation different from original Chinese method. This type of Abacus is still being used in china this day’s.Ī little past by the middle of the 15th century, the Chinese Abacus and its operational techniques were introduced to Japan. The Chinese abacus used to have two counters above the bar and five below. A book written by Wu Ching – Hsin – Min in 1450 gives description of the Abacus. In china, the Chinese abacus came into common use during the Ming Dynasty. Some additional counters were laid on the right to facilitate the calculation of fractions. One counter was laid in each of the upper grooves, while four in each of the lower grooves. In Roman abacus several grooves were carved into the board along which counters were moved up and down. Romans made use of a more advanced design. It consists of a white marble board (149 by 75 Cm) with lines drawn on it. A famous example of the line abacus is the Salamis Abacus preserved at the Athens Museum. ![]() Herodotus (484 – 425 BC) most likely refers to a line abacus in his records : “The Egyptians move their hands from right to left in calculation, while the Greeks from left to right”. Its wide use in Egypt, Rome, Greece, India, and other ancient civilization is well attested. With time, the dust abacus developed into a ruled board on which pebbles or counters were placed on lines somewhat like checkers on a backgammon board. The early civilization of Mesopotamia may have seen the development of such a rudimentary calculator. Numbers and quantities were calculated by means of various signs drawn along the lines. The sand was divided into lines, each one representing a different numerical position. The original utilization of an Abacus related calculation system is presumed to have been in the form of a board covered with dust or fine sand. For westerners – this is not very useful unless you want to do calculations in 16ths of an inch or maybe hexadecimal The Japanese Soroban has been streamlined for the Hindu-Arabic number system and each rod can represent one of 10 different numbers (0-9) and has no wasted beads for our decimal calculations. The Chinese abacus is capable of counting 16 different numbers from 0 to 15 on each individual rod which was useful since their units of weight were (are?) measured in 16ths. have one bead above the reckoning bar and four below it. ![]() The Chinese abacus instrument has two beads above the reckoning bar and five beads below it, were as Japanese soroban. ![]() The Japanese Soroban has been in use since at least the 16th century.There are some key differences between the two types of instruments. The modern Chinese abacus has been in use since about the 14th century. Later it finally evolved into a framed device with beads sliding along bamboo rods. Later this evolved into a slate with groves where rocks or other counters would be placed to mark numbers. The word Abacus is derived from the Greek "Abax" meaning counting board and the original types of Abacus were stone slates with dust covering them and a stylus used for marking numbers. The Abacus is one of the worlds first real calculating tools. The Abacus (or Soroban as it is called in Japan) is an ancient mathematical instrument used for calculation. The history of abacus dates back to nearly 2500 years back. ![]()
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